3B coach should not always flash signs.

A 3B coach has to know appropriate times to flash signals and not so appropriate times.

I believe at the amateur level far too many times coaches simply don't flash signals enough. For all intents and purposes, you should give signals when there is an opportunity for a play. Now, understanding that there are in fact times when signals should not be given just speaks to ones understanding of the game. Here are certain times when signals should not be given.

1) When there is no one on base you don't need to give signals other than asking a hitter to bunt for a hit.

2) With 2 outs and no steal opportunity available you don't need to flash any signals. Man on 3rd. Men on 2nd and 3rd. Bases loaded. These are examples when no signal is needed.

3) A pre-determined "green light" option has been set up and both the runner and the batter are aware of this.

4) Up big or down big. You don't need to slow down the pace of the game if the outcome is determined. Teach your players to understand that although we're not quiting we're not going to do anything more than we have to.

If you watch a 3B coach at the Division 1 level you'll see signals that are very intricate. But, you'll also notice that signals are not always given. More than likely, one of the above scenarios applies.

Man on 1st (0 outs) A 1B series of options

This is a classic bunt situation. Yet, so many teams never do anything different. They have the 1B hold the runner and then record the out at 2B if the ball is bunted where it should be. However, is there something else that could done that isn't too dramatic?

I believe the 1B can do one of 4 things that would definitely make life harder for the offense.

1) The 1B can remain status quo and simply leave his position when the ball gets bunted.

2) The 1B can start in about 15 feet angled so he can see the runner at 1st as well. If the pitcher is lefthanded, the 1B can retreat to the bag asking for the ball when the pitcher lifts his leg. If the pitcher is righthaded, the 1B would initiate the play by retreating. In this manner, we are trying to get the runner to retreat to 1B when the ball is delivered home. Rather than simply holding the runner on in a very customary manner, this essentially is holding the runner on by disguise. The 1B ends up in the same position that he would have been if option #1 was used. The incentive here is that the runner is driven back to the bag rather than his normal secondary.

3) The 1B starts in and then attacks home plate. It is very much like the wheel defense with runners on 1st and 2nd. I believe it would be a great defense if the offense had already seen the "retreat" option by the 1B. This is a very aggressive defense.

4) The 1B starts in and retreats for a pickoff. This play is executed exactly like otion 2 with the exception being that the ball is actually thrown to 1st than to the batter.

The plays have merit when they are worked in conjunction. Option 3 would not be a great play if the runner hadn't already seen play #2.

For that matter, it makes sense to always show play #2 as a first play if you are choosing to employ the 1B package.

I don't know of anyone that runs this package but if it were to be run I would suspect that it would show up in the college game and not the professional game.

3-0 green light?

When the count goes 3-0, what thoughts go into giving the batter the green light.

The first thought that goes into my mind is "What does a green light mean to them?" Are they going to interpret the sign as "I am swinging." If that is the case, then there is no way I would give the kid the green light. I believe that this often is the attitude that goes with the green light. I think that players need to learn to hit 3-0 and it comes with experience. And even then, it is a guarantee that they will be a good hitter in this very advantage count. I believe that research has shown that 3-1 averages are much better than 3-0 averages. Also, because of the Sportscenter age, many amateur players think that 3-0 counts should mean home runs. However, at the big league level the walk dominates the results.

http://www.baseball-reference.com/pi/shareit/PQPP

The only time I would even consider giving a player a green light is if there was a runner in scoring position and the batter hitting behind the 3-0 hitter is struggling. If this were the case, I might ask the batter to try and drive the runner in.

I have had batters ask me "why didn't you let me swing?" I ask them

1) Were there any runners in scoring position?
2) How many extra base hits do you have?
3) Do you think the 3-1 pitch would be that much different than the 3-0 pitch?

Finally, I try and convince them that if they believe that me not allowing them to swing on a 3-0 pitch was the ultimate demise to their at bat then they really need to work on their confidence level.

The 3-0 pitch results in a player on base over 90% of the time There is absolutely nothing wrong with that being 1st base.

The rundown. Conventional and not so conventional

The rundown is a fundamental teaching point among coaches. There are some basic fundamentals and some definite misconceptions. Let's first define what a rundown is and what it is not. A rundown is when a runner is not advancing towards a base at a high rate of speed. A rundown like we are going to present occurs when a base runner is "stuck."

The basic fundamentals of the rundown are:

a) player with the ball picks which side of the runner to execute the rundown on. You don't want throws sailing directly over the runner.
b) player with the ball gets arm up in throwing position and runs full speed at the runner. Ostensibly, this makes the runner go full speed too so he can avoid being tagged out.
c) when the receiving player wants the ball he demands the ball with his arms up and yells "ball." This is done moving in the direction of the runner. If the runner was full speed it will be very difficult to change direction and outrun the oncoming receiver.
d)arm fake early in the rundown only. Late arm fakes affect the oncoming defender. This could result in him overrunning the base runner.
e) it is very important that the ball is thrown chest high to the oncoming fielder. Rundowns break down when fielders have to stop their momentum to catch a ball rather than continuing at full speed.
f) if during a rundown a runner occupies the same base you are directing a runner to, run them both back and tag both players. At least one will be out.


Points worth debating:

1) Record the out as quickly as possible. Don't worry about direction that the base runner is going. Some coaches amend this principle when it comes to home plate.
2) If the rundown s occurring with other runners on base, you may not want to proceed at a sprint. Other runners might take advantage of your inability to redirect the ball quickly.
3) Some coaches don't like having the receiving player yell "ball" or "now". They believe it alerts the offense and the fundamentals can be done without the verbal.
4) Some coaches allow arm fakes and others don't.
5) Some coaches want the out immediately if there is a trail runner that has advanced. In other words, they don't the runner run back to occupy the bag with the other runner. They believe it could lead to a rundown between other bases. And, it could.

A 3B coach's signs. Do I need to repeat if...

A team has offensive signals. These signals are designed to communicate to the batter and base runner what is expected of them. One question that should arise at some point is "Is the sign on until you take it off?"

For example, the steal sign is given and the pitcher then proceeds to throw to 1B in an attempt to pick off the runner. Is the steal sign still on? This is a topic that must be addressed as a coaching staff. I believe it is a neglected item among baseball coaches but one that is very important.

Consider the pros and cons of giving the sign again.

Pros:

1) In amateur baseball it is a good idea to leave nothing in doubt. If you want something done on a certain pitch- give the sign.
2) It promotes a mindset of always looking for a sign.

Cons:

1) Anytime someone gives a sign, the defense is a little more alert.
2) The defense has an opportunity to "steal" your sign if it continues to repeat itself.

I think in amateur baseball that the pros outweigh the cons. Hopefully the signal package isn't so obvious that the other team would be able to pick up on a sign so quickly.

I might suggest this, however. In a classic bunt scenario where the pitcher throws ball after ball and the batter looks down and the sign is given. It might be advantageous to call time or even anticipate the scenario before he gets in the batters box and say "I want you to bunt until I give you the bunt sign." In this manner, you don't have to continue to give the sign and you have verbally expressed to him what you want him to do. I have done this many times with success. But, it's only in this anticipated bunt situation.

A steal of 3B coupled with a fake bunt

A man gets to 2B and he is thinking "Can I steal 3B?" He is noticing the tendencies of the pitcher and the practices of the middle infielders as to whether he should attempt to steal the base. He is looking into the catcher to see if the catcher is disguising the signals or not. If he can predict a curveball than that might be another opportunity to steal the base. Is there anything else that could help contribute to a properly executed stolen base.

The batter could fake a bunt for a base hit and see if he could confuse the coverage by the 3B.

A steal of 3B could be signaled by the 3B coach or signaled by the runner stealing the base itself. The batter after acknowledging the play is on could fake a bunt for a hit. Ostensibly, this is to draw the 3B in and leave the empty base vacated.

The timing of this play is critical to success. The bunter must show bunt right as the pitcher goes to throw home. We want the 3B seeing the bunt opportunity prior to him hearing or seeing "runner" out of the corner of his eye. We would like the 3B(undisciplined of course) to commit to the bunt while leaving the base open for a steal.

The play is predicated on a very undisciplined 3B. Novice 3B are very vulnerable to this play as there instincts take over on the first sign of a bunt. It's a very tough play to defend if you haven't practiced it plenty times before.

Things to look for to see if this play is a viable option:

a) 3B has come hard on previous bunt attempts.
b) 3B is being told where to play constantly by the coaches
c) 3B is unaware of how to throw the ball around the horn. This means he must be a novice.

How baseball is like congress.

I can't believe that I haven't heard about something like this somewhere before. Maybe it has occurred but not that I have heard of.

The filibuster is a way that Congress can prevent a bill from ever coming to a vote. Well, baseball is a sport that has its' own form of a filibuster. Yet, it is never used. And hopefully never will be.

Quite simply, what would prevent a team from ever pitching to a batter with a lead late in the game. Here's an example.

6-4 game in the last inning. Runner gets on 1st base. Why not throw to 1B until it gets dark? I mean, unless there are lights, for all intents and purposes the game could end while attempting to pick off the base runner. Is there a rule that says you can only throw to 1B a certain amount of time?

On a smaller, less egregious note, how about throwing to 1B until a relief pitcher is ready. Again, is there a rule that says you have to deliver the ball rather than attempting a pickoff.

So long as you can tolerate the amount of "boos" that would rain down, I see no reason why this isn't sound strategy. Boring -probably. Unethical - marginally. Smart- absolutely.

Do you walk the bases loaded?

You are tied 5-5 in the last inning. The home team comes to the plate and manages to work a runner to 3B with 1 out. So many scenarios, so many options.

Do you intentionally walk the next two batters?

Option A) Do not walk the batter and try and prevent the run from scoring by moving your infield(maybe 5 infielders in this situation) in. Although the infield is in there is not a force play at home plate. If the runner at 3B has some speed this proves to be a very tricky situation.

Option B) Intentionally walk the next two batters and create a double play opportunity or at least a force at home plate.

Option B is really only prudent advice if the defense has a realistic chance of turning a double play. Can high school players do this? Some, sure. Can college players do this? I would think a whole lot more efficiently.

This back to back intentional walk also places a burden on the pitcher. Sometimes working with the bases loaded and knowing the consequences of a third walk can be a very onerous proposition. The manager must take into account his pitchers disposition before asking the pitcher to load the bases. Some pitchers just can't pitch with that pressure.

Lots of variables in making this decision. It is one of those decisions that takes a lot of guts to walk the bases loaded. I think at the amateur level it's very risky to load the bases because infields and infielders just aren't tailored for double play opportunities with ease. With highly manicured fields and proficient infielders this decision is almost a "no brainer."

Do you use a pinch runner here?

Amateur baseball has many different rules than professional baseball. In addition, high school baseball has different rules than college baseball. One such rule difference is the idea of "free" substitution. In high school baseball you are allowed to take a player out of the game one time with no penalty. You may re-enter that play at any point in the game after he has been removed. This makes managing a high school game easier than its counterparts with respect to pinch runners. Here's what I'm talking about.

Tie game in the last inning. Leadoff batter(4 hitter) reaches on a walk. He isn't the fleetest of foot so you consider pinch running for him. In high school baseball it's a no brainer. But, in college and pro ball you must weigh the pros and the cons of the idea. Also, for discussion sake, let's say that the high school batter has already been substituted for to make all things equal.

The pros:

a) speed at 1st allows you to score on a hit in the gap.
b) speed at 1st takes pressure off of a would be bunt attempt by the batter. He doesn't have to be so precise.
c) there is no way to quantify how speed disrupts the pitchers mindset.
d) a) Statistics actually reveal that the odds of a runner scoring at 1st with no outs is higher than a runner at 2B and 1 out.

http://baseballanalysts.com/archives/2006/07/empirical_analy_1.php

The con(but it's a big one):

If you don't score the run, the game continues with one of your best hitters on the bench.

Quite simply, it's one of the toughest decisions in the game.

I'm not going to opine that one way is better than another way. It has a lot to do with gut feel. But, I will suggest that in this situation what might be a best option is to wait until the runner gets into scoring position before pinch running. In this manner at least the runner can score on a single and if the batters bunt(assuming you bunt) isn't successful you still have one of your dangerous bats in the lineup for extra innings.

This scenario might also be a candidate for a bunt and run. This gives the runner at 1st a "head start" to 2B. The only caveat here is the batter better protect the runner.

It's a great debate and certainly one that allow you to second guess a manager. Just as an fyi, David Ortiz was removed in this very situation in the playoffs this past year. Terry Francona believed that speed was more valuable in the game in that spot than one of the greatest clutch hitters in baseball history. I think the runner scored. I was too busy thinking about what I would have done.

One last thought: if it's high school baseball and the cleanup hitter is the catcher or the pitcher you could always use a courtesy runner and not suffer any consequences. What a joke that is.

What do elite level hitters see at release?

The question is very interesting in that the elite hitter probably couldn't sit down and articuate what it is that he actually sees. Its more of a moment in time thing that he reacts to. He probably can't write it down. But, not so elite hitters feel the need to tell "elite wanna be hitters" what to look for so I'll try too.

We see the fastball exit the pitchers hand with the fingertips on top. Now, at elite levels there are two distinct fastballs and they act so extraordinarily different. The 4 seam fastball has tremendous backspin and the ball spinning with four seams cutting the air holds its' line. The two seam fastball is affected by the wind more and will be pushed to the pitchers arm side. Is there something that an elite level hitter sees that can discriminate between the two? The seams should be more noticeable on a two seamer. But, only lots and lots of experience gives you this perception. And, even then, that might not be enough. I mean how many times has Greg Maddux frozen hitters with that two seamer that just seems to back up.

We see the changeup exit the pitchers hand with the fingertips on top. This is what makes this pitch so extraordinarily difficult to hit. If the pitcher doesn't slow his harm speed down it's lethal. Think Cole Hamels or Trevor Hoffman.

The curveball exits the hand and the white off the ball gets on top of the fingers. A lot of people say look at the spin but that's just too late for elite level hitters. "White on top."

The slider gets a little less white on top but a "dot" emerges on the ball as it is progressing to home plate. The dot indicates to the batter that it will slide away from him.

It's quite an amazing process but no one truly knows what elite level hitters see because I believe elite hitters would have a difficult time explaining it themsleves.

What to read on a bunt and run around 2B

Runner at 1st takes off with hit and run principles. He makes sure that the ball is thrown home. He looks in after three strides. He sees the ball bunted. Now, does he take 3B or does he settle at 2B?

The answer lies in what the 3B does. If the 3B attacks the bunt there is a better than average chance that the base will be available to be taken. Often times, regardless of whether or not the 3B actually fields the ball, the issue is did he leave his position to field the ball. If yes, 3B is vacated and the runner should be aggressive toward 3B.

Something else to consider. If the runner is an "A runner" it may not matter if 3B is vacated or not.

When the 3B or pitcher cocks his arm to throw the batter out, the runner rounding the bag could advance to 3B if he has already touched and rounded 2B. This is a decision that must be made with an adequate amount of practice. You want to be knowledgeable about your speed vs. the timing of throwing to 1B and getting a return throw back to 3B.

The bunt and run is a "college game" principle. It's primarily effective when arm strengths aren't quite strong enough to fire across the diagonal of the diamond.

The most common triple play

I wonder how many baseball coaches think with a negative thought in mind before implementing a play. Should I risk a triple play hardly seems like a prudent way of thinking. However, it would be remiss to not consider it when putting on a hit and run with runners on 1st and 2nd.

Runners on 1st and 2nd, 0 outs. Do I "start" the runners in a 3-2 count? Do I put on a hit and run? These are decisions that a manager must decide on in the heat of the moment. The thinking is that if you start the runner you could avoid a double play while moving a runner to 3B with 1 out. Certainly, you could have a better result with a base hit but at the least a runner at 3B with 1 out is music to most offensive teams.

But, what also could happen could be catastrophic. What if the batter ropes a line drive that get caughts in the infield. Well, quite simply a triple play.

Does it cross a manager's mind when putting the runners in motion? It should. I would suggest that the nature of the pitcher should have a big say in whether or not it is a good decision. If the pitcher induces a lot of ground balls then I would think it would be worth the risk. Staying out of the double play is a very important part of offensive gameplanning.

The next time a triple play is recorded, check if it was of this variety. I'll even go so far as to say the majority of triple plays probably occur in 3-2 counts as that is the count where most runners run.

I wonder if those stats are out there somewhere.

The mechanics of the "flash" bunt defense

When baserunners get to 1st and 2nd with 0 out, a bunt defense is usually put on by the defense. This is to ensure that the defense knows their priorities when a ball gets bunted.

One of the more aggressive and obscure bunt defenses is called the "flash" play.

As the pitcher comes set, he glances at the lead runner at 2B. When he sees the SS flash to 2B behind the lead runner, the pitcher delivers the ball home. The efficacy of the play revolves around the deception of the shortstop. The shortstop must resoundingly scream "ball, ball, ball" when driving the runner back to 2B. The runner will more than likely retreat to 2B. The 3B coach might even yell "back!" We're hoping so anyway.

As soon as the pitcher sees daylight between the runner and the SS he needs to slide step and deliver the ball to the plate. The slide step is important because the runner isn't given an opportunity to shuffle back to a normal secondary position.

When the ball gets bunted, the 3B is attempting to hold his ground because he will be catching the throw at 3B. If the pitcher can't get the ball the 3B must vacate the bag to field the ball. However, in a perfect world, the pitcher will field the ball and turn to throw to the 3B awaiting the throw.

The play is designed to work because the lead runner will be asked to run close to 90 feet rather than 75 feet or so.

The catcher must absolutely understand our priorities here. We're thinking throw to 3B if at all possible. If not, we'll take the out at 1B but we did a lot to simply record the basic out at 1B.

This defense is a very challenging defense for the 3B as he must make a read as to what he should do. Ideally he should stay. However, if the offense does its' job, the 3B must leave to record an out.

The mechanics of the "No doubles defense"

When a tying or go ahead run comes to the plate or reaches first base late in the game this defense is considered by coaches. What is it? What do you do?

Here is what occurs.

For all intents and purposes it is a prevent defense in baseball. The outfielders are moved out of normal depth and situated in a much deeper alignment that is to prevent a double. The wing outfielders slide deeper and into the gaps while the center fielder goes staright back and deep. The corner infielders guard the lines to prevent the double down the lines. All of these changes open up the field of play for more possible base hits. However, it's premise is to guard against the big hit or extra base hit.

There are also subtle nuances of the defense.

The first nuance is that the outfielders should not dive at a ball. A dive could result in a double while allowing the ball to drop safely would result in a hit but certainly prevent a double.

The second nuance is that the 1B needs to come off the bag to catch all low, errant throws rather than trying to make a great play. This thinking coincides with the "no dives" thinking in that if you at least catch the ball you won't get a double. You may not record an out but at least you won't give the team 2B as well.

I'm not suggesting that this defense is a prudent defense in all situations as mentioned above but it should at least be considered.

Taking 2B after a clean single

There is a ball hit to the outfield for a clean single. The ball is returned into the infield and the play appears dead ready to move onto the next batter. However, the runner needs to pay attention to the manners of the middle infielders to see if he can move up a base.

Here is what I am talking about.

Single to the outfield and the batter rounds 1B and retreats to the bag. Although he is returning to the bag he has his mind focused on advancing to 2B. As the ball is returned to the infield notice the middle infielders. Often times they catch the ball from the outfielder and throw it to the pitcher. Following the throw is the move that makes them vulnerable.

The middle infielder tosses it to the pitcher and turns his back on the batter now on 1B. The runner notices this and begins to shuffle in the direction of 2B. Ideally, the batter/runner should not have retreated all the way to 1B if the intent is to possibly take 2B.

Upon noticing that the middle infielders are "head droppers" and "back turners" they play begins. Simply, the batter/runner sprints with the ball in the pitchers hand . Although the throw is a short simple one, there are no middle infielders available to catch the ball. Safe at 2B.

In order to successfully execute this play, you must have scouted the defense and noted the tendency to relax after singles to the outfield. Once it is obvious, it simply takes some guts to do it.

Remember the outs rule and try it with two out. It's worth the risk.

Pop up to the catcher

When the ball goes straight up above the catcher you absolutely have one of baseballs toughest plays. Here's why.

The ball goes up with a lot of topspin imparted on the ball. What this means is that the ball will come back towards the infield as it starts to descend. The perception from a catcher's standpoint is that it will return to the ground straight below where it reaches its' apex. Understanding physics gives the catcher a better chance at recording the out.

Catcher should always turn his back to the infield as the ball will return to him. Also, there are plenty of fielders in the field of play but only the catcher in foul territory. So, the catcher should turn his back for both reasons. Once the ball is located, the catcher should proceed depending on the height of the ball. The higher the ball, the slower the walk.

You want to constantly keep the ball at 10 degrees above you. You do not want to get underneath the ball. It will fall behind you if the catcher does not maintain 10 degrees.

The other fundamental is the dismissing of the catcher's mask. This should be done very late in the process. A must is that you do not trip over the mask. Therefore, once the catcher recognizes where the ball is hit he throws the mask in the other direction.

Pop ups to catchers are very challenging. Any catcher will tell you that if another infielder could catch the ball he would gladly trade responsibilities.

Hit and run on? (when can the batter take?)

The hit and run is designed to put the runner in motion and have the runner be protected by the batter. The play is to gain at least an extra base by having the runner hit the ball on the ground while the runner slides safely into second base. At most, the play is to result in the runner advancing two bases and the batter reaching base safely presumably by an infielder opening up a hole.

Well, can the play be successful if the batter doesn't swing? Yes. But, only on a couple of situations.

Here is when the batter does not need to protect the runner.

1)Runner takes off and the ball is thrown in the dirt. The batter is not expected to protect the runner as it would take an extraordinary play to throw the runner out at 2B.

2)Runner takes off and the ball is going to actually hit the batter. By all means, take the HBP and move on. "Don't rub it."

3)Runner takes off and the ball is a pitchout. If they pitchout, they win. At least, that phase of the hit and run. There is a chance that the runner could be safe but we're certainly not going to ask the batter to protect the runner and risk a strike on the batter when there is still an above average shot of the runner being thrown out anyway.

The hit and run is predicated on the batter protecting the runner. However, if the pitcher makes a pitch that makes protection unlikely, take the pitch. Some results will be good and others will be bad but it's not because it wasn't the prudent choice to take the pitch.

A pickoff at 2B from the windup.

You seldom see the play where the pitcher throws from the windup and attempts a pickoff at 2B but it at least should be considered a viable option to consider.

With a runner at 2B and the pitcher out of the windup, that means there is a runner at 3B also. So, first and foremost you need to decide if it's worth the risk of throwing to 2B with home plate being a threat if an errant throw is made.

If you believe the throw can be made, here is what can be done.

The catcher simply drops his glove when he sees that the shortstop or 2B have broken to the bag. When they break the catcher drops his glove and the pitcher turns and throws to an awaiting middle infielder. Now, the turn part of the pitcher needs to be practiced. The way it works is the pitcher must drop step with his "posting" leg. He can not initiate movement with his foot that start the delivery.

It can be very effective when done correctly.

The only caveat though is more than likely it would occur with 2 outs and you would need to decide if it is worth the risk of attempting to create a putout in this manner rather than attacking the batter.

2 outs man on 2B, 3B coach should consider what?

With a man on 2B and 2 outs the 3B coach needs to think about a variety of things. Here are some things that he needs to process to allow him to make the best decisions possible.

The first thing that needs to be understood is that an out will end the inning. This is obvious but it has some interesting ramifications. Here are the possibliities and what needs to be considered.

a) a single to the outfield. In all likelihood, I will be sending the runner since he is off on contact. With 2 outs and 2 strikes he should be off when the batter begins his swing. Therefore, with 2 outs and 2 strikes I might be even more willing to send the runner. In amateur baseball, I believe the runner should be waived about 95% of the time. The exception? A hot shot directly at an outfielder. Sometimes, it depends who is on deck but with 2 outs I'm thinking score the run when you can.

b) a ground ball to an infielder who needs to record an out at 1B. If the runner at 2B gets a good break and doesn't allow the infielder to tag him to end the inning a throw will be made to 1B. The 3B coach should weigh the thought of "what if the ball is thrown errantly?" If the runner has advanced far enough he should be sent home. If the runner has not advanced enough he should be held up. The thought process here is if the ball is in the dirt or the ball pulls the 1B off the bag, we went to score the run coming around 3B.

Many times innings end with a runner approaching home plate only to pull up as the inning ends. But, sometimes the ball ricochets off the 1B and that runner scores a run. If that runner were held up at 3B, a run would be lost. You can't blindly send them in this situation, however.

The batters speed should be a factor that gets considered. If the batter has the ability to beat a routine ground ball out, the last thing you would want to do is send the runner home when the inning could still be alive on a good throw. In this scenario, the 1B would simply catch and throw home to end the inning. Not necessarily a good decision by the 3B coach.

A major variable in all of this is the speed of the runner rounding 3B. If the runner is an "A" runner, send him regardless of how close the play might be at 1B. Of course, this depends on the break he got off of 2B. But, the risk is worth the reward.

Next time you're watching a game, take note of the runner at 2B with 2 outs. It's a very detailed part of coaching 3B but it can play big dividends if it is recognized.

Managing your timeouts

Every manager in amateur baseball is entitled to timeouts throughout the course of a game. Yet, many refuse to take all their necessary opportunities. The timeout doesn't always need to be taken when things are bleak or your pitcher is struggling. The timeout can be used to explain something offesnively or defensively that is considered important.

I get insensed with managers who refuse to use these built in advantages for the betterment of the team. You are permitted 3 "free" defensive trips to the mound throughout the course of the game. In other words, you can call time out 3 times at any time and discuss whatever it is that you would like. You want to discuss a bunt situation? Go for it. You want to discuss an infield in situation? Go for it. You want to discuss a no doubles situation? Go for it. It doesn't always need to be screamed from the dugout. And, it doesn't always need to be done on the pitcher's mound.

Offensively, you are permitted one conference per inning. Doesn't it make sense to consider using these as often as possible. If you need to express to a batter what you might like him to do once he reaches base- perfect opportunity. You may want to discuss with a batter what you believe the catcher's signs are at 2B(obvious if he is at 2B?) You may want to discuss with the runner on 1B what you would like to see happen. You may call an offensive timeout and express your views.

From my standpoint, I think it needs to occur a whole lot more often than I see.

Something to consider.

Around the horn

This baseball tradition seems innocent enough but it can have dire consequences.

Catcher is asked to whip the ball to the 3B after a strikeout. He does this as much to show some spirit and energy as much to keep the infielders arms loose. The catcher is also asked to apply a tag to the batter if the ball is dropped on a 3rd strike. What if the "around the horn" and the tagging of the batter conflict?

It happened very recently to my team and I know think differently about the theory of around the horn.

A batter struck out and the catcher dropped the ball. The catcher in his zest to throw the ball around the horn air mailed the 3B. The batter advanced to 1B and ultimately scored. After questioning the catcher I began to question myself and baseball itself.

Ostensibly, the catcher threw the ball at the 3B for no practical reason. Therefore, his throw that served no functional purpose ultimately cost us a run and the game.

The answer? Don't throw the ball around the horn.

Very simple.

The mechanics of stealing 3B

Scoring runs is the primary goal of the offense. However, a very legitimate decision even when a runner gets into scoring position is "is the risk of stealing 3B worth it?"

So, when you decide that the risk is worth it, how do you teach it? Here is how I think it should be taught.

I believe it must be stressed that shortening the distance to 3B is critical. You have to understand that the catcher's throw is obviously a shorter throw so if you want to steal 3B you must dramatically shorten the distance being run. Here is how to do it.

Take a lead in the base line. The last thing you want to do is run further than you have to. If you choose not to take a lead in the base line you better be walking into the baseline before you choose to steal 3B. Once your lead is taken, you need to anticipate the pitchers delivery. Quite frankly, 3B is stolen off of the pitcher. If the pitcher is predictable to home plate he becomes very vulnerable to the steal. How could the pitcher be predictable?

a) He could pitch in rhythm. This means that the pitcher comes set and then delivers the ball in the same manner every time. When this manner is determined, the runner can shuffle in the direction of 3B thus shortening his distance. When the pitcher actually goes to deliver the ball to the catcher, the runner gets to full speed as quickly as possible. Some teams stress not crossing over until you realize that the pitcher is in fact throwing home. I disagree. I'm willing to concede that if the pitcher does an inside move on a steal of 3B the runner will most likely be dead.

b) the pitcher could be very slow to the plate. If the pitcher is slow to the plate you might not need to be too fancy. You simply try and get a walking lead and get to full speed at his leg lift.

I think stealing 3B is not practiced nearly enough. Again, the steal is contingent upon the pitcher. If a pithcer isn't monitoring is timing and predictability he is vulnerable to the steal of 3B.

1st and 3rd defensive absolute.

In 1st and 3rd defensive situations, I believe there is an absolute that must be accounted for. I say "know your priority." I think one of the more common mistakes in coaching this situation is that defensive teams try and stop every play. Instead, teams should have an idea of what they definitely don't want to allow. Amateur baseball players simply don't have the pre-requisite arm strength to be able to defend with diagonal throws across the diamond.

Here is what I mean.

If you don't want the runner on 3rd to score, for whatever reason, you need to put a defense on that explains very clearly to the defense that our priority is the runner on 3rd. The pitcher comes set and only looks at the lead runner. If he is not concerned about the trail runner, why would he look at him. The 1B does not yell "runner" if in fact the runner takes off to 2B. Middle infielders understand that if the lead runner is the priority, they certainly aren't going to cover the bag immediately when the runner breaks. Everything we do says disregard the trail runner. If he wants 2B, he can have 2B.

Now, if you're priority is the trail runner than that is the guy you focus on. Maybe it's late in the game and you're up by 3 or 4 runs. You would gladly trade an out for a run in this situation. Maybe you have a 2 run lead and you simply can't let the tying run in scoring position. Whatever the situation, you record the out and allow the run to score. We are not going to get baited into a rundown and then a throw home and all runners are safe. We have a very clear goal in mind and we ask our players to execute the plan.

The idea of asking amateur players to make professional type of throws is downright ridiculous.

The last caveat to this way of thinking. You must coach according to your priority. If you have priority 3rd base then you wouldn't want to do a fake to 3rd back to 1st play. Then, you would potentially have a rundown between 1st and 2nd with priority to their back. Very dangerous proposition.

The unthinkable, a 3 pitch inning.

Many baseball people have a rule about not allowing a pitcher to throw only 3 pitches to get out of an inning. Let's analyze this way of thinking.

The prevailing theme here is the pitcher needs to work to record outs. Allowing him to pitch one inning with only three pitches seems very detrimental to that cause. A 3 pitch inning allows that pitcher to almost guarantee that he will be able to work late into the game. And, in amateur baseball it is very advantageous to probe into the other teams bullpen. So, never allow a pitcher to have a 3 pitch inning, right?

Not so fast.

The 3 pitch inning can only happen if the batter is permitted to swing at the 1st pitch. Therefore, a managers opinion on first pitch swinging becomes the true salient point. After all, the goal of the offense isn't to tire a pitcher but rather score runs. So, if you believe that a batter can do some good on the first pitch, let 'em hack. But, do you let three consecutive batters hack away on that first pitch?

The first pitch hitter often times feels vulnerable to a pitchers breaking stuff. He believes if he attacks the pitchers first pitch that he could eliminate the offspeed stuff. Certainly, it is solid logic. Many pitchers think to get ahead so why not allow a batter to hit the "get ahead" pitch.

Quite the conundrum. Here is my opinion.

I believe that a pitcher should be asked to work in an inning. 3 pitch innings are no way to apply pressure to a defense let alone the pitcher. However, I can't argue with a kid that says "but coach, that 1st pitch is the best pitch."

The answer lies in the second batter of the inning. If the leadoff hitter leads off with a first pitch out, I believe the next batter should be given the take sign. If the next batter is a first pitch out then you would have two quick outs with a third batter approaching the plate. With 0 on and 2 outs, the most likely way to score a run is on a big blast. That very well could occur on the first pitch. I'm not a big fan of a first pitch take with 2 out and nobody on for this very reason.

Give the second batter a take and see if he can work a count. If he is retired, at least you have made the pitcher work a little bit.

This is certainly not a science but it's a good little debate for those baseball people.

1B's role an an extra base hit.

On a sure double possible triple, the 1B has a distinct and definite role in the relay system that is employed. Some teams will tweak the manner in which it is done, but the following seems to be the most common and simpleist strategy to use.

On a SDPT, the 1B is the trail behind the batter if 1st base is unoccupied. In this manner, the 1B will watch the batter touch the bag and trail in behind him to 2B in case he takes a big turn.

If 1st base is occupied, then home plate is threatened. If that is the case, the 1B must serve as a second cutoff man. He takes his position in line with the cutoff tandem and the catcher in a half arc around the mound. He then listens to the catcher direct him just as he would if he were the lone cutoff man on a single.

The major point that needs addressed is whether 1B is occupied or not. Once the 1B understands this, the rule becomes quite simple.

Sliding at home plate.

Sliding at home plate is different than any other base(assuming you're not sliding into 1st) and should be taught a little differently.

There are two primary differences.

1) The defensive player awaiting the throw has equipment on. This makes for a more dangerous "collision" if one is to take place. Or at least the threat of a collision changes ones perspective.

2) You can overslide the plate.

Because of both differences, a technique specific to sliding into home plate should be taught. This technique involves deciding what side of the plate to slide on. This can be assisted by the on deck hitter. Once you decide if you're going right or left, the next issue is to slide beyond the catcher on your butt. Sliding on your rear end allows you to touch home plate with your hand. This technique proves very effective when you need to touch the plate while avoiding the catcher in the process.

You literally slide around the catcher but the slide itself does not touch the plate but rather a hand that is free touches home plate as you slide by.

Amateur players will not instinctively practice this slide unless the move is repeated in practice. Very beneficial.

Does the 1B actually ever make a throw to 3B on a ground ball?

I used to ponder this question when I watched teams take an infield and have a 1B field a ball and fire a rope to 3B who then applied a tag. I got to thinking, "does this ever actually occur?" Up and until this year I would have said no but my thinking has changed a little. Just a little.

Man on 2nd, 0 outs. A hard 1 hopper is fielded by the 1B. The runner is taught to go to 3B on ground balls to the right side. However, the "line drive" holds him slightly. When he sees the ball is down, he will advance to 3B. However, an alert, strong armed 1B may consider throwing a runner out at 3B on that ground ball.

Some things to consider: 1) Is the runner at 2B an "A" runner? 2) How strong of an arm does the 1B have? 3) Is it 0 outs? 4) Is the 3B going to be ready for the throw?

If the runner can move (A runner) you may be less inclined to attempt to throw him out. If the 1B has a candy arm you may be less inclined to throw him out. If there is 1 out, you do not want to attempt this throw. And, you want to make sure that the 3B has actually seen this before. You don't want to pull a rabbit out of your hat and not have someone there to catch the throw.

Having said all that, you'll probably never see it more than a handful of times. Ever.

Corners on the lines or not?

Late in the game with a 1 run lead or tied, coaches will sometimes make a decision defensively that has a big impact on the outcome of the game.

Do I put my corner infielders on the line to protect against an extra base hit or do I leave them in normal position? Sure, there is more to a no doubles defense than the corner infielders but I treat a "no doubles" defense separately when it comes to defensive players.

I truly believe this is the equivalent to a prevent defense in football. You want to protect a lead so you guard against a big play. In the meantime, exposing yourself to the mundane single and sacrifice. It is definitely a debate that rages among managers late in the game. Every situation is different but I would suggest that guarding the lines is more detrimental than playing at normal depth.

Big innings occur when multiple hits/walks/ hit by pitches happen. And, usually these happen when a pitchers tempo is disrupted and he is forced into the uncomfortable stretch position. The mundane singe can do all of these things.

Leave the corner defenders in normal depth and let them defend against the larger part of the field. In the process, you take away more hits but maybe not the big hit.

If you watch a manager align his corner infielders late in the game it tells you an awful lot about the type of manager that he is.

Tagging on a fly when at 2B.

When is it a good time to tag at 2B? Well, there are certainly many factors to consider.

First of all, if there is 1 out you will be less aggressive in tagging to go to 3B than with 0 outs. However, after watching a college game where a players scored from 2B on a tag I began thinking about this concept. I suppose, if in the back of your mind you think it is possible to score from 2B, it is a great play to think tag at 2B with 1 out.

The ball was hit very high and deep to right center field. I think it is very important to understand that the height of the ball is important in determining whether to tag or not. If the ball is hit on a line you could never really justify tagging. If the ball drops you would be expected to score from 2B. If the ball is hit high in the air you could assume that the ball would be caught therefore justifying tagging at 2B.

Here is the way I see it. At 2B, a ball hit to the runners left indicates a tag opportunity. Very rarely do runners tag on balls hit to a runners right. So, fly ball to a runners left means tag opportunity. At least, he should think tag first and then adjust. If the outfielder is on a dead sprint(numbers on his jersey going away fast) after the ball it certainly wouldn't be a prudent play to stand waiting to tag at 2B. But, if the ball is high in the air and the outfielder is starting to camp under the ball a tag is definitely a possibility.

Very advanced baserunners will sometimes go 15-20 feet off of 2B and then see what course of action is necessary. If the outfielder is moving away from the infield it is unreasonable to think that he could catch the ball and turn and record an out at 3B. So, in this manner you are tagging at 2B without standing on 2B initally.

This concept is one that needs stressed on baserunning repetitions.

MLB (why they never hire a college coach?)

The NBA and the NFL have hired the best of the best from the college game. Why hasn't major league baseball done the same. Quite simply, there is just too much politics in the game to alow it.

Football and Basketball do not have a minor league system. They are not provided an opportunity to develop hundreds of players to develop major league talent. They must draft efficiently and develop that talent immediately to play on their top level rosters. In major league baseball, players get sent to their minor league teams to develop major league skills. It is this minor league system that is truly a deterrant to hiring top notch coaching.

When a player plays in an organization and doesn't make the big leagues, he is often times rewarded by being hired as a minor league coach. The good ole boys club at its finest. These minor league coaches become major league managers and literally block all college coaches from entering the ranks of major league baseball.

Not that a college coach would want to coach major league baseball. I think college baseball is fresh and exciting while pro baseball is stagnant.

Major league coaches have an air of smugness when it comes to how to play the game. They believe that if they haven't thought of it or developed it, it must not have any merit.

Oregon St. is a two time national champion. You would think that major league baseball would be knocking down his door. Think again.

How should you call for a pop up?

" I got it." "Ball, Ball, Ball" "Me,Me,Me"

There are so many different ways to demand the ball. Is there a best way to call the ball? Let's investigate.

I suppose as long as the ball is caught it doesn't really matter how the ball is called for. However, not all fly balls are created equal. The harder the fly ball the more detailed you need to be with your technique.

I prefer the "me,me,me" "you,you,you" method and here is why.

Typically an outfielder only calls for the ball when he has a chance at the ball. I really like the idea of communicating if you can't catch a ball also. If two players are converging and one of them knows that the other one absolutely can not get to the ball and he calls "you,you,you" the other player can go at it full speed.

But, if you are chasing a ball and are not sure whether or not your teammate can get there there will most assuredly be some indecision. That indecision can cause a ball to drop.

If you can catch it most definitely - "me,me,me" If you can't catch it then - "you,you,you"

"A runner" hitting? Infielders slide to their right?

I saw a college baseball team do this and I began to wonder why. I have no idea if this is the reason but I'd like to discuss it as a possibility.

With an A runner in the batters box, infielders who field a backhand ball have less of a chance to throw the runner out. By sliding to their right they make more groundballs glove side balls. By doing this they have their momentum already moving to their left as they field the ball- in the direction of 1st base.

I have no idea of knowing if the idea has manifested itself into a more pragmatic way to defend speed. I have no idea of knowing if this is why the college team did this. But, theoretically I believe the idea has some creedence.

"A runner" in the box, slide to your right to give yourself a chance to create momentum in the direction of first base.

Bunt situation (give him one chance?)

In baseball circles there is some thinking that you could give a big swinger one shot at driving a run in or at least take one swing for a hit. Following that unsuccessful effort, a bunt is given. In this manner, you have placated the hitter by allowing him to swing at least once. But, in the end, the runner is advanced in a more conservative manner.

Is this sound baseball?

Well, I think it is negligent upon the coach to not recognize differences in counts and how they affect batters. The idea of giving a hitter one shot says "the count is neutral or an advantage count so go ahead, hit it hard." The statistics support this thinking in that averages certainly are higher when a batter is ahead in the count.

However, when the batter fouls of a pitch, the count changes and so does the likelihood of him getting a hit. Therefore, when the bunt sign is given, it is given under the idea that the chances of a hit have been dramatically reduced. If you're going to make an out anyway, you might as well make it a productive out.

Take note of how many times coaches will ask a hitter to do just this in a "bunt opportunity." It has everything to do with advantage vs. disadvantage counts and playing the percentages.

Suicide squeeze with the bases loaded?

The suicide squeeze is a risky play in any situation. However, it becomes even more risky if the bases are loaded. So much so that many managers eschew the suicide alltogether in this scenario.

The suicide squeeze works when the runner can cross home plate prior to the ball beating him to the plate. When the runner starts sprinting towards home plate as the ball is being bunted, he has a considerable advantage to beat the ball. There is one instance where the out could be recorded mush easier though. A force out at home plate.

The above reason is why so many don't even consider the squeeze bunt in this situation. A force out at home plate puts considerable more pressure on the offense to execute the play.

Here is what must be done if the play is to be executed correctly.

1) The runner on 3B must be a "burner." Speed obviously could make the force out irrelevant if he can beat the play.

2) The batter must place the squeeze directionally at a corner infielder. A ball back to the pitcher could be an egregious mistake in the squeeze situation.

Next time a squeeze happens, take note if it was a force out at home plate. Odds are, it wasn't.

"Beat the force!"

This is a common baserunning cue for a runner at 1st base with 2 outs.

The 1B coach or the 3B coach should remind the runner that you want the infielders to throw the ball across the diamond to record the third out. You don't want the infielders to take the easy 3rd out at 2nd base. So, you yell to the runner to "beat the force."

Here is what you expect.

You expect the runner to get a decent secondary. When the ball is hit you expect the runner to sprint full speed sliding feet first into 2B. Sprinting full speed is the key so that the infielder feels compelled to record the out by throwing across the diamond.

Now, there could be some other interesting dynamics with beating the force. Let's say it's a 3-3 game in the last inning. Runners are on 1st and 3rd with 2 outs. The 3B coach exhorts his runner to beat the force. In this situation he should literally run through the second base bag into left field trying to beat the force. Don't slide and slow down. Run through the bag. If the 4th run scores the game is over.

Man on 1st, 2 outs. "Beat the force."

Pickoff at 2B. What and when.

With a runner on 2B, you need to consider how many outs there are to decide what kind of pickoff to attempt you would like to use.

With 0 outs, the runner is usually rather cautious. This typically is not the best time to try a pickoff simply because the runner isn't in steal mode.

With 1 out, many basestealers definitely switch to steal mode. They are trying to get to 3B with 1 out. If they can get to 3B with 1 out, there chances of scoring improve immensely. Therefore, with 1 out, the inside move is the best option to record an out. The reason being that the runner that is stealing is tring to get a big jump on the pitcher and is vulnerable to a leg lift and inside move.

With 2 outs, the runner at 2B should be trying to get a sizeable secondary. His primary lead shouldn't necessarily be too large. It's his secondary lead that is going to try and gain some ground. Because of this, the catcher's pickoff at 2B becomes a very legitimate option. A strong armed catcher should definitely consider throwing behind a runner at 2B with 2 outs if their secondary is too big.

Another pickoff with 2 outs is a glove side spin and throw from the pitcher. Sometimes, runners get a little overzealous with 2 outs with their primary lead. If this is the case a middle infielder coming in behind followed by a glove side spin and throw is a prudent play. Worst case scenario is the ball sails into centerfield and the runner advances to 3B. The motto "they still need a hit to score him" applies and you haven't really lost too much.

Knowing the number of outs should govern your thought processes in determining what kind of pickoff should be used.

Could you audible in baseball?

The audible is a legitimate part of football. Does it have a place in baseball? i think it does and here is where.

The audible is used in football when the quarterback sees something that he knows won't work. So, he calls another play that he has been coached to call that will work.

In baseball, I believe the audible would have merit in a suicide squeeze situation with a runner on 2B.

Here is how I envision the audible working. Typically, the audible would be given by a runner at 2B peering in to the catcher. When the runner witnesses the catcher's signals he could change the play. In a suicide squeeze, the only thing that the offense would truly fear would be the pitchout. There are many ways to call a pitchout but most are entirely different than calling a pitch.

Examples of pitchout signals are "fist", "five followed by a four", "horns followed by a four." Regardless, if the runner on 2B sees any of these signals he could audible out of the squeeze by yelling "black, black, black." This would indicate that the squeeze play has been cancelled.

The premise of the play is designed around the ability of the runner to see the catchers signals. I have never seen a team do this but I'm intrigued and I think it could certainly work.

The 1st pitch changeup

In baseball circles it's widely recognized that you don't throw a 1st pitch changeup. Is this outdated dogma or does it have some merit?

The reasoning is that the changeup is effective when the batter knows what the fastball actually looks like. If the first ball that is thrown is the changeup then the batter isn't fooled by the change of speed. Rather than the batter being out in front of a change he would be more on time because he wouldn't be geared up for the fastball.

I don't agree with this thinking. I think the changeup is effective because the batter is anticipating the fastball and swings based upon what he perceives the speed to be. A batter can certainly have a pre-conceived idea about a pitchers fastball without having seen it for one at bat. A pitcher can throw up to 100 and some pitches throughout the course of the game. I think it would go to reason that a batter might have an idea what a pitchers fastball would look like without having to see it during the course of an at bat.

Furthermore, when you think about what counts batter look for fastballs in the 0-0 count certainly ranks right up there with any other. Why not throw a change up in a traditional fastball count?

To me, a changeup should not be dismissed so quickly as a first pitch option.

Catcher using an unconventional signal system

Usually the catcher drops 1 for a fastball, 2 for a curveball, 3 for a slider and wiggle for a change. But, who is to say that this can't be changed up. Actually, if the players buy into the change it might prove to be very beneficial to switch from the conventioanl method.

Here's how to change it and why.

The only reason that I could imagine that one would even consider changing the sign system is if the coach is fearful that the signs could be stolen. If the signal system is changed, then you wouldn't worry so much that the offense has the pitches. In fact, if the sign system is changed, you could not only insure safety of the signals you could set the offense up by tricking them into relaying the wrong sign.

Imagine a runner on 2B that looks in and only sees one sign. He believes he has the pitches but that's only under the old conventional system. Using a new system the runner on 2B would absolutely confuse the batter by relaying the wrong pitch.

New system:

1- changeup
2- fastball away
3- fastball in
4- curveball

I know some teams have done it and I've always thought that it was unnecessary. However, after giving it some thought, I think it definitely has some merit. You can almost guarantee that the signs would not be stolen.

The "mechanics" of the wheel play

The wheel bunt defense is a common bunt defense. It's focus is to earn an out at 3B in a 1st and 2nd bunt defense. It is the most aggressive bunt defense that you can employ.

Here is how it works.

The SS is the catalyst to the play. Everything begins on his movement. Some teams have him start directly behind the runner at 2B while other teams have him shade closer to the 3B position. I would suggest that the more advanced you believe your opponents offense is, the closer the the SS should start to the runner.

When the pitcher comes set, he looks in the direction of the SS. When the SS begins sprinting to 3B the pitcher delivers the ball to home plate for the ball to be bunted(hopefully). Now, the detail in the wheel is what every other player in the infield does.

The 2B sprints in the direction of 1B when the SS starts his sprint. The 1B and 3B attack the plate to field the ball. If the batter does not square, the corners try and stop and retreat as quickly as possible. The do not continue on a suicide mission. The C is thinking "3,3,3" on his call to an infielder. Also, the catcher must be aware that 2B is not an option in this situation. Think 3B because we are being very, very aggressive with our defense.

The wheel play requires that the pitcher deliver a fastball strike. This is one instance where we definitely want the ball bunted and we need a strike. The last thing we would want is the pitcher to throw a ball and the defense to have tipped its hand.

The wheel play is used in the National League much more than the American League. The reason is because the wheel play is given in very likely bunt scenarios. What's more likely than a Nat'l League hitting pitcher?

Opposite wing outfielder on SDPT

What does the opposite wing outfielder do when a ball is hit to the other side of the field and is a SURE DOUBLE POSSIBLE TRIPLE?

It doesn't seem like an instinctual move so it is something that definitely needs to be taught.

The opposite wing outfielder should get in the habit of moving in the direction of 2nd base. His movement in that direction is for one of two reasons. He has two possible roles in a SDPT to the opposite side of the field.

The first role is if 2nd base is unoccupied. If the 1B is not trailing the play and is himself involved in the cutoff process, the opposite side outfielder is responsile for anchoring down 2B.

If the first baseman is trailing the play, the opposite outfielder should try and get behind the 3B in case a backup is needed.

The one interesting element to the play is if you are playing at a field with no fence. If the field is fenceless, the opposite side outfielder might actually be more useful as another cut man. Of course, this depends on how deep the ball was hit and the arm strengths of the players involved.

This is definitely something that needs practiced when doing SDPT.

Man on 3rd. Contact play with a fly ball. A tough read.

When a runner gets to 3B with the contact play on, there is certainly no guarantee the ball will be hit on the ground. If the ball is hit in the air, the runner at 3B has a very difficult read.

The contact play is a very aggressive baserunning read at 3B. It is usually given with 1 out with the hope of scoring on a ground ball. The reason it's so aggressive is the batter literally crosses over once the ball is hit. His hope is that the ball is hit on the ground so he has a big jump on the play at home plate.

Sometimes, however, the ball is hit in the air. Now, if the ball is deep enough, the baserunner should have plenty of time to get back negating the initial aggressive movement home. But, if the ball is hit hard enough and directly at an outfielder the runner at 3B has a very challenging read. Here is what he must do.

He must cross over once the ball is hit, hit the brakes as soon as he recognizes that the ball has some lift to it. He then needs to sprint back to the bag to tag. This getting back to the bag could occur simultaneusly with the outfielder catching the ball. Once the ball is caught then he races home.

It's a lot happening in a very brief amount of time.

It seems easy enough but when amateur players practice the contact play they sometimes neglect the idea that they might have to scamper back to 3B very, very quickly if the ball is hit in the air.

Runner at 2B, 2 outs(change your cuts?)

With a runner at 2B and 2 outs, should you give thought to changing your cut procedures?

Usually when a single is hit to the outfield with a runner on 2B the 1B hustles in to be the cutoff man in every opportunity that he can make it. There are times when the 3B has to be the cutoff man but in most instances the 1B serves the role of cut man.

I'm suggesting that with 2 outs, the 3B should be that person. Here's why.

Most times the runner is sent home with 2 outs on a single. At least he should be. Well, if the runner is sent home why do you need the 3B holding his ground at 3B. The reason he is there is in case the cut man wants to snap throw behind the runner who is taking a big turn only to hit the brakes and try and retreat. If he is not retreating, why not make the 3B useful?

On another note. The runner with 2 outs is usually running into an out for a run. He rounds 1B hoping to have the cutoff man cut the ball. If the 1B is the cutoff man and no one rotates in behind the runner rounding 1B then he can usually get back even after the ball is cutoff. If the 3B is the cutoff man the 1B is there anchoring down the bag the batter/runner is attempting to get back to.

In both thought processes it makes sense to have the 3B be the cut man with 2 outs.

Should you teach how to get hit by a pitch?

If a batter is willing to stand in and get hit by a pitch, it improves his chances dramatically of scoring- the ultimate goal for a batter. So, if ones chances are improved by getting hit by a pitch, shouldn't you teach it.

I think so.

Here's how.

The first thing that batters need to understand is that they should turn away from the pitch with their back rather than opening up to the pitch with their chest. If you are preparing to drive a baseball and the ball comes in on you, you want to turn your back but hold your ground. It will only hurt for a little while and you'll be on first base.

Now, it must be practiced and I certainly suggest using tennis balls to practice this technique.

The other thing to be aware of is if you are a power hitter you may not be so inclined to use this technique. Let's be realistic here. That singles hitter should probably try and get on base a lot more than a guy that can "catch a gap."

I would like to see more coaches teach the idea of getting hit by a pitch. If for nothing else, for safety.

The "slash"- when to use it.

The slash or fake bunt and hit is a fundamental offensive baseball play. But, when to use the slash is often misunderstood. Here is when it should be used.

The slash should be used when the opportunity to hit the ball through a rotated infield is at its highest. More than likely, what this means is that the shortstop and the 2B have moved to a corner position and there is a very good chance that a swing will hit a ground ball through a vacated area.

In almost every instance it is when there are runners on 1st and 2nd. In this situation, the SS and the 2B could be moving to another base. This would allow the middle of the field to open up providing an opportunity to shoot the ball through an area.

Another instance where you could do it is if you have a runner on 1st and you start him in a "hit and run" scenario. In this scenario, one of those infielders must leave his position and cover the bag. This makes for some more holes for the hitter.

The one situation that the slash should not be used but is used by novice baseball people is when there is just a runner on 1st. Some coaches think that if the 3B moves close to the batter to take the bunt away that a slash could be in order. Here's the problem with this thinking. The middle infielders could still be in double play depth. The last thing you would want to do is hit a routine ground ball that results in a double play simply because the 3B crashed. I mean, just bunt the ball to the 1B if the 3B crashes.

Simply put, the slash should only be used if you anticipate the middle infielders moving out of position. Typically you see it in 1st and 2nd or 1st w/ a runner moving.

Pop up to shallow center. Man on 1st.(< 2 outs)

The ball that goes up in the "bermuda triangle" in front of the centerfielder and beyond the middle infielders can cause some potential problems. But, if the ball does land, there is a chance of still recording an out. But, only if the pitcher knows his responsibility.

So many times, the only place the pitcher is trained to go is to back up a base. Here is an instance where he is so much more than a backup. He must be the player on the base. At least, it's the easiest rotation system to use.

If the pitcher does not go and anchor down 2B, then a ball that lands safely will surely be a hit. But, if one of the three players that is around the ball can gather it up quickly, there might be an opportunity for an out.

The runner can not sprint to 2B right away. He'll try and go as close to the bag as he can and still make it back to 1st if the ball is caught. If the ball lands safely and the defense can pick it up quickly there will be a bang bang play at 2B if the pitcher is where he should be. Which is standing on the 2B bag!

It needs rehearsed as it is an unusual play for the pitcher.

Man on 3rd(as much as the 3B gives you)

As a runner on 3B, your lead is simply "as much as the 3B gives you." What this means is your distance from the bag is determined by how far away the 3B is when the pitcher assumes the stretch.

This is a very important concept with the "contact" play on. When the contact play is on you want to try and get as much as you can. Therefore, when the 3B plays away from the bag with 1 out he is allowing the runner at 3B to get more of a lead than he probably should.

The distance that you lead off the bag is determined directly by the 3B. Understanding this concept allows you to understand when and when you can't get sizeable leads.

One other thing to note: With a lefthanded pitcher you can be more liberal taking your primary lead. A lefty seldom snap throws over to 3B to try and record an out.

Man on 1st (0 outs); offensive minded.

When a runner gets to 1B to lead off an inning, it literally becomes a chess match as to what should occur next.

The possibilities seem endless. However, usually a decision is made that simply comes down to this premise. Am I willing to give up an out to advance the runner to 2nd base? If the answer is yes, then your choice will involve asking the batter to execute a sign of some sort.

If the answer is no, the batter will have every opportunity to get a hit for himself.

Let's investigate the options a little closer.

If you want to advance the runner, you will give the batter the sacrifice bunt or a hit and run concept. There are many different hit and run ideas(slash and run, bunt and run) but the idea is the same. You wish the batter to do something that results in the runner advancing to 2B while at the least producing an out. This idea usually means that there are offensive players behind the battter that are capable of producing a run. This is a conservative approach to baseball.

If you aren't willing to advance the runner by giving up the out, the batter will free swing or the runner may straight steal. This is the more aggressive strategy when it comes to a man on 1st, 0 outs baseball.

It's interesting to note that studies have revealed that the chances of scoring a run with a man on 1st and 0 outs is the same as a man on 2B and 1 out. HMMMMM!

Which pitch is the hardest for the catcher to block?

Fastball, curveball, slider, changeup, split, knuckleball. Which one of these pitches is the hardest to block? You might think it would be the pitch that has the most spin. I mean, isn't it logical to think that pitch would be the hardest to keep relatively close to the catcher when it hits the dirt. Well, it is true that the curveball (top spin) and the slider will move opposite of the ball flight once they hit the dirt. However, in the grand scheme of things, this doesn't quite make the list of level of difficulty for catchers who are blocking pitches.

The fastball is undeniably the hardest pitch for a catcher to block. Here's why.

When a catcher calls for an offspeed pitch he thinks this ball might be in the dirt. He is mentally prepared to block the ball. Regardless of the spin that the ball has, the catcher is able to handle it because he is anticipating it. However, when the catcher puts down the #1 he fully expects the ball to be thrown in the air. This expectation makes the fastball the hardest pitch to block.

The ball gets on the catcher the quickest and often times without the proper anticipation.

2B, do you practice this double play ball?

So often when fungoes are hit the 2B works on his underhand flips, his jump turn feeds and a variety of other feeds to the SS. Very rarely do you see the 2B work on the charge ball that requires a potential tag of the runner.

Runners are taught to not get tagged out on batted balls. With a runner on 1st and less than two outs a double play is in order. So, when a ground ball is hit to the 2B that requires him to charge the ball there might be an opportunity to still turn a double play. Here's what I'm talking about.

The 2B attacks the ball and the runner is closing in on him too. He picks it up with hopes of applying the tag. However, the runner stops and doesn't allow a tag to occur. The 2B should then begin chasing the runner back to 1B but not continue to chase the tag. The chase the runner is to drive him further away from 2B. When the 2B has the runner retreating from 2B he should throw to 1B to record the 1st out and then a rundown will ensue for the 2nd out.

It is an unconventional double play but certainly one that happens to occur. I believe instinct would have the 2B throw to the SS in this situation because it is the normal way in which to record the 1st out in a double play.

This method is certainly the exception rather than the rule but one that should be shown to 2B during fungo work.

Lead runner at 2nd, fly ball to left field.

When a lead runner is on 2nd base and a fly ball is hit to left field, how should the runner react? The answer is it depends on how many outs, the flight of the ball and the arm strength of the left fielder. Let's detail the situation.

In all cases on a fly ball to left field you should instantly walk with the ball as it is hit. If the ball is a double down the line you don't want to be heading back to the bag to tag and not be able to score. The decision must be made when you realize that a catch is more than likely going to happen. Otherwise, you walk with the fly ball and if the outfielder makes an amazing catch you might be able to scamper back and tag. Here are the decisions when you realize an out will be made.

0 outs, batted ball: With nobody out the runner is definitely thinking he wants to advance to 3B. Getting to 3B with 1 out is a priority in baseball strategy. Therefore, on a fly ball to leftfield, it is imperative that you fully understand the number of outs when the ball was hit. If you believe that you can advance to 3B here because of the aforementioned reasons you should try and make it. Being aggressive with 1 out heading into 3B is sound logic.

1 out, batted ball: With 1 out, you walk with the fly ball hit to leftfield. If the ball is caught you simply retreat and stay at 2B with 2 outs. There might be some solid logic in trying to advance on a ball hit in the left center gap if you can create a 1st and 3rd situation. Otherwise, stay at 2B with 2 outs. A hit will score you anyway.

When a runner gets to 2B, I yell "know your rules." These should be some basics of knowing your rules.

The safety squeeze read at 3B.

When the safety squeeze is given, the runner at 3B better have a good idea of what he needs to see in order to advance. The safety squeeze is inherently less risky than a suicide squeeze for the simple fact that the runner at 3B doesn't start sprinting home when the pitcher begins his delivery. However, the runner at 3B doesn't just sprint home when the ball is bunted. He must know what he should look for and make a very educated decision.

If the ball is bunted directly back to the pitcher or to the catcher there is a very good chance that the runner will not score from 3B. If the ball is fielded by either the 1B or the 3B, the chance that the bunt will score the run goes up dramatically. Here are the two options.

A) The 3B fields the ball. This is easily the harder of the two reads. If the 3B is back then the read is easier. The ball will get bunted in the direction of the 3B and the runner at 3B could simply sprint home and score. If the 3B is even with the bag, the fun begins. The runner at 3B needs to read the speed of the ball and make a proper decison if he can beat the throw home. Also, if the 3B fields the ball and the SS doesn't anchor the bag down from behind, the runner can advance towards home plate without the the threat of anyone rotating in behind. This would be a "break" play when the 3B cocks his arm to throw the batter/runner out. This is definitely the toughest read because the angle is harder to see when the bunt comes directly at the runner.

B) The 1B fields the ball. This option is definitely easier. The runner at 3B can start sprinting home when he sees the speed of the bunt directed at the 1B. The read is easier because you see the full flight of the ball as it moves away from home plate.

I like the safety squeeze because it puts a lot of pressure on the defense to make the proper rotation. However, if the batter makes a bunt back to the pitcher it can look awfully embarrassing.

The first pitch

It has been said many times that the best pitch in baseball is strike one. Therefore, why aren't more pitchers simply grooving the ball right down the middle to get ahead with strike one? Well, it's never quite as easy as it sounds. Here's what goes into deciding what pitch to throw.

Obviously, if we knew the batter was taking a pitch, a fastball down the middle would be just what the doctor ordered. But, that's not the way it works. The hitter has the ability to swing at strike one. Thus, making what would be strike one a potential BLAST. That wouldn't be good so pitchers start doubting the efficacy of throwing a fastball near the strike zone.

I'm now going to make an assumption. I'm going to assume that the pitcher on the mound has a second pitch (usually a breaking ball of some sort) that he can throw for a strike. This pitch usually is thrown with less accuracy. It also happens to be a harder pitch to hit at amateur levels simply because amateur hitters don't see it enough. So, the debate! Throw the pitch you can control that risks getting hit or the pitch you can't control that won't get hit.

This concept separates the better high school pitchers from the very average pitchers. A strike one with the breaking ball is a devastating pitch in high school baseball. If you can do it, you're ahead of the game as the hitter simply can't look for any pitch.

Now, if you can't throw a curveball for strike one, I contend you should throw a fastball and the hell with the consequences. Here's why.

1) The batter might be taking. Many batters take the first pitch.

2) There is no guarantee he will hit it for a base hit.

3) Throwing a fastball on the first pitch for a ball opens up more options than throwing a curveball for a ball. Most high school hitters after taking a fastball for a ball still have that curveball in the back of their mind. Most high school hitters that take a curveball for a ball will eliminate the pitch and will now be sitting "dead red."

This #3 concept is a very overlooked part of first pitch pitching. An opening curveball for ball one puts the hitter in a very favorable position to look for that fastball. A fastball for ball one simply says I missed but you haven't seen my second pitch yet. In the back of his mind it's still there.

I would love to see the stats on this concept. Opponents batting averages with a 1st pitch curveball for a ball vs. a 1st pitch fastball for a ball.

"If you're going to run 3-2, run 2-2?"

This is a traditional baseball saying. The premise is that if you are thinking about starting a runner with a 3-2 count, then you ought to send him with a 2-2 count. If only it were that easy.

The thinking here is that the batter will have two strikes regardless of the count. Therefore, he will be swinging at strikes. You would hate to see a double play occur on the 2-2 pitch if you were waiting until the 3-2 pitch to start the runner. So, start the runner in that 2-2 count one pitch earlier and avoid the double play. Furthermore, conventional baseball thinking assumes that the 2-2 pitch and the 3-2 pitch will be the same pitch.

There is a problem with this logic, however. The problem is "what if the pitcher throws a ball?" If the batter takes ball three and the batter gets thrown out then all is lost. Is it worth the risk of ball three to have the runner thrown out?

Other issues exist with this logic as well. The runner in the 2-2 count would be straight stealing. There would be no other way to see this. He must try and get a jump because of the ball factor. Also, you wouldn't give the batter a hit and run because you wouldn't want him chasing strike 3 just to protect the runner. So, the runner is thinking steal the bag. maybe if you think a breaking ball is coming this isn't a bad thought. But, the coach must be cognizant of the running "mechanics."

With the 3-2 count, the runner will be executing a "hit and run" principle. He doesn't need a great jump. The hitter will hopefully be protecting him or taking ball 4. In either case, a great jump isn't imperative.

Something to consider the next time you hear a baseball analyst discuss this philosophy.

When should you drop foul balls?

Is there a time to drop foul balls? Is that time so predictable that you can teach an exact moment or is it something that is instinctive to an outfielder?

I believe it is a combination of both. But, it is certainly something that can be expressed to outfielders as to when they should consider doing so.

I belive that when the infield comes to an "in position" the outfielders need to be aware of possibly dropping foul balls. If the coach feels that the infield in is a necessary option than the coach believes that cutting that run down is a legitimate strategy. Therefore, on a foul ball that might score the runner at 3B, the outfielder must give some thought to dropping the ball.

If the infield is in, the coach is playing to prevent that run from scoring.

If the ball is caught in foul territory and the runner from 3B can tag and score, then the objective is not met. A run has scored despite an out being recorded.

My premise is that when the infield comes in an outfielder should then have this thought cross his mind. If the ball is shallow enough where he believes he can catch it and still throw the runner out he should go for it. If the ball is too deep where he can't keep him at 3B he should drop the ball intentionally.

The "pitchout" mechanics

If you are a team that uses the pitchout, you better be a team that teaches how to "pitchout."

Here is how you do it.

The first thing that can affect the success of the pitchout is the manner in which the pitcher delivers the ball to home plate. The pitcher must not be too quick but quick enough to give the catcher a chance at throwing the runner out. In other words, the pitcher should absolutely not slide step. The last thing you want is the pitcher being the reason that a runner doesn't run. If you're throwing an intentional ball, you want an out opportunity. Therefore, the pitcher needs to give the runner the impression that he can run. Quick to the plate but not quick enough to deter the runner from getting a good jump in his mind.

Now for the catcher.

The manner in which the catcher approaches the ball depends on whether the hitter is righthanded or lefthanded.

If the hitter is a righty, the catcher has a 4 step movement to throw the runner out at 2nd base. The first move he'll make is a step out with his right foot. Then he'll gain a lot of ground by meeting the ball with his left foot. This move is essential. He has got to move forward in the direction of 2nd base to shorten his throw. The basic premise of the pitchout is to make the catcher's time much better. Nothing quickens the catcher's time like a shorter throw. Once the ball is received the footwork is the same for the catcher. RIGHT, LEFT AND FIRE!

If the hitter is a lefty, the catcher has a 3 step movement to throw the runner out. His step out move and gain ground move can be made in the same step. The left foot will clear and gain ground simultaneously. When the ball is received it again becomes RIGHT, LEFT AND FIRE!

Again, the major tenet in understanding the pitchout is repping it enough so the catcher leaves his position on time(don't want a catcher's balk) and gains enough ground to make the pitchout effective.

Sliding head first into 1st base.

You see this maneuver many times in a season and yet it seems someone always says "you should never slide head first into 1st base." So, why is it still being done? Why do baseball players still dive into 1st base when the risk of injury is great. Furthermore, why do players dive when you move faster sprinting then diving. Are these players just morons or is there a practical reason to do this?

Well there is a reason but I don't believe it outweighs the risks.

Ostensibly, the dive into the bag is done to avoid the 1B's tag. The 1B moves off the bag to receive the errant throw. When the 1B comes off the bag, he will be looking for a runner to tag. The play is designed to remove that tag opportunity away from the 1B. If you see the 1B come off the bag, dive to avoid him.

But, in order to hold anyone acocuntable for such a play you have to practice this play. Is it really worth having players run full speed down the baseline and dive into the bag while reading the 1B in the process?

Sorry, I don't see it. It's just not worth the risk.

Pitcher wiping to a sign?

When a pitcher doesn't agree with the pitch that his catcher puts down there are a variety of ways he can say "no thanks." One of those ways is the more unconventional method and it involves wiping to a new pitch.

Here's how it works.

When the pitcher looks in and doesn't like his sign, he can choose to add or subtract from that sign by wiping his shirt or wiping his pants. If he wipes his shirt he is adding to the sign. If he wipes his pants, he is subtracting from the sign. Here is an example of how this works. Pitcher is pitching out of the stretch and wants to throw a changeup (4- or wiggle). The catcher, however, drops the number 2. Instead of the pitcher shaking and waiting for the catcher to drop the sign, the pitcher can add 2 by wiping to times to above his belt. The catcher simply adds two to his number two he dropped and then expects the changeup. The same could be done by subtracting if you wipe below the belt.

Why would this alternative be preferred over the more conventional method? Simply put, it speeds the process up.

Pitchers like to work quickly and this method can sometimes make things a little quicker.

This is definitely something that could be considered to have a pitcher work faster.

Where do you hit your "worst hitter?"

The debate about where your worst hitter should hit revolves around hitting them either 8th or 9th.

For years, the worst hitter hit in the 9th spot in national league lineups. That is to say, the pitcher assumed the last spot in the order and it was done this way across the board. However, just recently, Tony LaRussa has experimented with hitting the pitcher 8th. It brings up a great debate among baseball people.

I believe the most salient point in the argument revolves around this idea- "Do you expect your late hitters to be run producers OR table setters."

If you believe the inning still can be salvaged down in the bottom of the order, then your worst hitter should reside in the ninth spot. Move him as far down as he can so you simply have more opportunities to drive in runs.

If you believe that the majority of your runs are driven in by your 3,4,5 hitters then it would go to reason that the 8th hitter should be your worst hitter. This way, your 9th hitter has a better opportunity to get himself on base so he can be driven in by a better hitter.

Where do I stand on the issue? I believe that the worst hitter should hit in the 8th spot. If that spot comes up in a crucial situation you can always pinch hit for him. However, most runs are scored as a result of your better hitters driving the runner in. Why not have the 9th hitter be a table setter rather than an automatic out?

I like LaRussa's idea.

1st and 3rd. 3-2 count. 1 out

This situation is a very specific situation that must be given some attention if you truly understand how the offensive game of baseball is managed.

In this situation the manager must make a decision. Do I start the runner to avoid a conventional ground ball double play? In doing so, do I risk a strike 'em out throw 'em out double play? Well, yes! That's the fun of decision making.

But, in this situation there might be an opportunity to "save the play" if you're batter strikes out after you put the runner in motion.

Trail runners in a 1st and 3rd scenario should not be able to get a big jump. There is simply too much of a fake to 3rd opportunity. Therefore, if you start the runner and the batter strikes out (out number 2) you definitely run the risk of the runner being thrown out to end the inning. Meanwhile, that runner on 3rd is stranded with no opportunity to score.

Here's what you can do.

You can communicate to the trail runner with a signal that says if the batter strikes out, you stop short of 2B. When the catcher comes up to throw the runner out at 2B the lead runner will take off when the catcher demonstrates his intent to throw. The lead runner will then have a jump on the play and the trail runner will not allow the middle infielder an opportunty to tag him before that run scores.

The play is specific to this exact situation. You do not want an inning to end with a runner at 3B without some attempt made to score him. When we give this sign we want the trail runner to think "stop, if strike 3."

I witnessed the Yankees actually execute this same play against the Cleveland Indians in the AL playoffs many years ago.

Should the batter protect the runner on a straight steal?

When stealing 2nd base a point of contention exists as to whether or not you should have the batter protect the baserunner. Should the batter swing and miss intentionally to keep the catcher back and give the baserunner a better chance at stealing 2B?

There are two issues that must be weighed when making this decision.

A) Does the catcher have a slower time to 2B because the batter swung and missed?

B) If the answer to question A is yes, does it merit giving the batter an extra strike to hit with?

As for question A, I do not believe that it delays the catchers throw. A competent catcher receives the ball at the same time in the timing sequence and makes a throw to 2B regardless of whether the batter swung and missed or not. Therefore, my thinking makes letter B irrelevant. However, I'm certainly willing to concede that some coaches believe it does. Thus, making letter B a relevant discussion point.

If, in fact, swinging and missing delays the catcher, is it worth giving the batter an extra strike? I suppose it depends on the batter. Some hitters function perfectly ok with an extra strike while others become very inept in pitchers counts.

In general, I think it is overcoaching to ask a hitter to protect a baserunner who is attempting to steal 2B. They may be times when the concept applies but in general I think I would much rather my baserunner steal 2B independent of my batter swinging and missing to try and protect him.

Now, if you're having the batter do something that confuses who covers 2B. That's worth my while.

The SS's reverse pivot

Segment 31 in "trick or treat"month.

One of the trickier moves an infielder can make is when he throws to a base to catch an unsuspecting runner. This is never more evident than when the SS throws behind a runner rounding 3B.

Here is how it works.

Runners on 1st and 2nd or bases loaded. Ground ball to the 2B or 1B where the SS comes across the bag to turn the double play. However, the SS realizes that he doesn't have a chance to complete the double play for whatever reason. Rather than attempting to record the second out the conventional way at 1B the SS tries the unconventional.

After receiving the ball he reverse pivots and fires to an awaiting 3B hoping the runner has rounded 3B to try and pick up the flight of the ball to 1B. Many times this runner will round the base and casually watch the remaining play unfold.

However, the alert SS fires in behind the runner at 3B to record a very unconventional second out.

One very important thing to note is that the 3B must be very alert to this play. The last thing you would want is a SS throwing the ball to a 3B who isn't paying attention.

Furthermore, the play works best when the second out on the double play isn't an inning ender. Typically, the runner will be sent home if the back end of a double play is an inning ender. It wouldn't look to good to throw to 3B while the runner is sprinting home.

It is a play that must be practiced and rehersed before a SS attempts it. But, it certainly does like great when it catches an unsuspecting baserunner.

Another great 1st and 3rd play. Draw a throw.

Segment 30 in "trick or treat" month.

1st and 3rd situations provide many opportunities for both the offense and the defense to try and create a "play." This is one such example where you try and bait the defense into thinking they got what they wanted.

I call this play "draw a throw."

Many times on 1st and 3rd plays a coach will call a play that has the catcher do something with the ball in the case that the runner takes off to steal 2nd base. However, few times is the 1B directed as to what he should do in case of a pickoff.

The "draw a throw" attempts to use this concept against the defensive team.

The runner at 1st gets a sizeable lead. Not too big where the pitcher can step off and throw over to 1st but certainly large enough to draw attention to himself. When the lead is noticed it is the offensive teams hope that the pitcher will throw to 1B in an attempt to pick off the runner. However, when the pitcher turns to throw the runner at 1B takes off in a dead sprint to 2B. The 1B has a very important decision to make. He can either eat the ball in which case we have simply advanced a base. Or, he can throw to 2B in an effort to record the out. We are hoping he chooses the latter.

When the 1B cocks his arm to throw, the runner at 3B takes off in a sprint home. It will take two long throws to record the out.

It is extremely important that the trail runner is well versed in what to do with this play.

A) He must have a large lead to draw a throw.
B) He must take off full speed to put pressure on the defense.
C) He must stop short of 2B so he is not tagged out before the run scores.
D) If the ball is thrown home, he must understand that he might simply have a stolen base with such a great jump.

The 3 ball walk

Segment 29 in "trick or treat"month.

The 3 ball walk preys on a catcher's instinct for justice to be served. A catcher with the ball in his hands becomes vulnerable when he turns his back to the field of play. This can be dictated by the concept of a 3 ball walk.

The idea is that when the batter receives his 3rd ball of the at bat he flips his bat and heads to 1B. The catcher knowing that it is actually only ball 3 turns to the home plate umpire to see if the batter is in fact correct. When the catcher turns to look at the umpire the base runner takes off towards the next base in hopes of advancing a base while play was still live.

Although any batter could initiate the play on his own, the baserunner must be aware of the play too. The last thing you would want would be for the runner to start walking away from the base only to have the catcher throw him out. The runner, knowing the play is on, waits for the catcher to turn his head and then sprints in the direction of the next base.

As long as time was not called, the runner may advance at his own risk. In this case, he advances while the catcher is preoccupied with the umpire.

I've seen this play work one time at the high school level.

It's very difficult to betray your instincts for immediate justice.

1st and 3rd play. Take your lead where?

Segment 28 in "trick or treat" month.

Baseball is a game of tradition. When things are done a little differently it certainly raises the eyebrows a little bit. This play is one such eyebrow raiser.

With runners on 1st and 3rd, the runner at 1st takes his lead in the direction of right field. And, it isn't just a little bit in rightfield. It's a lot into rightfield. Are you allowed to take your lead out there? Yeah, they're not making a play on you so you can take it where you like.

One of two things could happen.

1) They try and make a play on the runner with the lead. If they go after the trail runner, the runner at 3rd sprints home as the defense simply moves too far away.

2) They don't go after the trail runner and the runner simply steals second base on the next pitch.

Have I ever seen this play? No.

Do I know that it exists? Yes.

I think you would just have to be willing to handle the umpires as they probably have never seen it either.